Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Children - Oren Zarif - Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
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f you are wondering whether your child may have a condition known as Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), read on. HIE is a serious condition that can cause permanent damage to the brain and even death. A child with HIE is at increased risk of Cerebral Palsy and other permanent conditions. Although HIE symptoms may subside within 24 hours, your child needs to be evaluated and treated as soon as possible.
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The mechanism by which HIE develops is complex and evolves over time. In the initial phase, acute hypoxic ischemic injury causes primary energy failure. Subsequently, secondary energy failure occurs as a result of downstream inflammation, excitotoxic changes, and oxidative stress. In animal models, cellular swelling starts less than 10 minutes after the hypoxic insult. After that, the cell dies due to a variety of mechanisms, including mitochondrial depletion, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cascade.
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Treatment for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic infants depends on severity and pattern of the injury. A brain MRI helps identify the etiology of the disorder and determine its prognosis. Head ultrasound is useful to detect hemorrhages and ventriculomegaly. It is normal for neonates to have hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, although treatment is difficult.
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Although the prognosis of HIE is poor, it can be improved by a combination of treatments. Current treatments for neonatal HIE include hypothermia. The development of neuroprotective strategies is expected to improve neurological outcomes of neonatal HIE. The neonatal rat model provides an animal model that allows researchers to evaluate the effects of hypoxia. It is also possible to model perinatal hypoxia using a neonatal rat model.
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In neonates, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may occur in fewer than 1% of preterm births. Although this condition is rare, it is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in newborns. It is particularly common in developing countries, where the incidence of birth asphyxia is high. The effects of HIE on neurological development are severe in half of affected infants.
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy causes brain damage in newborns during labor and may lead to disability. The degree of disability is dependent on how long the baby was deprived of oxygen and the location in the brain where the damage occurred. Some children may be mildly affected while others will suffer permanent disabilities. The severity of symptoms depends on the area of the brain affected and the duration of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
In neonates, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may occur in fewer than 1% of preterm births. Although this condition is rare, it is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in newborns. It is particularly common in developing countries, where the incidence of birth asphyxia is high. The effects of HIE on neurological development are severe in half of affected infants.
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy causes brain damage in newborns during labor and may lead to disability. The degree of disability is dependent on how long the baby was deprived of oxygen and the location in the brain where the damage occurred. Some children may be mildly affected while others will suffer permanent disabilities. The severity of symptoms depends on the area of the brain affected and the duration of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.