Symptoms and Risk Factors for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy - Oren Zarif - Hypoxic Ischemic Enceph

Symptoms and risk factors for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies (HIE) vary from one infant to another, but the incidence of the condition is about 1.5 cases per 1000 live births. Children who survive HIE are at risk of developing neurodevelopmental delays, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. The clinical diagnosis of HIE depends on the presence of neuroimaging evidence, as well as clinical observation. The risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes is estimated through biochemical measures and amplitude EEG.

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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is caused by a decreased supply of oxygen to the brain during the birthing process. It is also referred to as intrapartum asphyxia. There are different levels of severity for HIE, depending on the length of time a baby is deprived of oxygen. For babies, the symptoms of HIE are similar to those of other fetal conditions such as perinatal asphyxia.

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The symptoms of HIE can include seizures, epilepsy, motor and neurodevelopmental delays, and periventricular leukomalacia. Often, the condition can be prevented by avoiding the risk factors during pregnancy. Although there is no cure for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, awareness of the symptoms and risk factors can help parents prepare for the worst. When a baby is born prematurely, a lack of oxygen and blood supply can lead to brain damage, which may eventually lead to permanent neurological impairment.

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Various mechanisms can cause brain damage in an asphyxiated infant. While cerebral perfusion is impaired, cellular death results. There is also a mismatch between oxidative metabolism and cerebral blood flow. While the exact mechanisms of brain damage are unknown, the final pathways leading to cerebral death are similar regardless of the source of the hypoxic-ischemic insult. The nature of the insult and the evolution of cell death determine the extent of brain damage.

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Neonatal HII is rare, but does occur in preterm infants. It is important to remember that the age at which the child was exposed to hypoxia affects the severity of the hypotension and the duration of the brain injury. Several diagnostic tests and imaging studies are available, including cranial ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI. A cerebral CT scan is the most accurate way to determine the diagnosis of HIE.

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The most common form of HIE occurs during childbirth. It can cause permanent brain damage and disability. The severity of the impairment depends on the area of the brain affected by the oxygen deprivation. The disease affects about three out of 1,000 births, and can affect both full-term and premature infants. Some children may be mildly affected, while others may suffer permanent disabilities. There are many possible causes of HIE, including pregnancy, infection, and fetal stress.

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A MRI is an important tool for evaluating patients with HIE. The imaging will show the extent of the encephalopathy and its severity. The MRI will provide an indication of whether the child will recover. However, a brain that is severely injured by HIE is unlikely to recover fully. If the brain does recover, the symptoms will become apparent when the child reaches school age. As with any injury, ongoing neuropsychological screening can help identify any issues in time, providing an opportunity to intervene with the child's condition.

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The presence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in preterm babies is difficult to determine. In these babies, it is presumed that the birth was affected by HIE. Some other features of the baby's condition may include delayed resolution of acidosis, increased creatinine levels, chorioamnioitis, and elevated liver enzymes. Moreover, the child may also have neurological abnormalities and developmental problems.

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The effects of HIE on the infant's development vary, and a relatively small percentage of those babies with HIE will survive the first week of life. Although a small percentage of children with HIE suffer from mild symptoms, the effects of a mild case on their expected life expectancy can be very significant. Parents may also have questions regarding treatment options and possible long-term effects of HIE. Ask staff at the hospital where the baby was diagnosed to learn about their options.