What is Thrombectomy? Oren Zarif - Thrombectomy

A thrombectomy is a medical procedure to remove a blood clot. The procedure is usually done under the supervision of a doctor. If your relative is not able to give informed consent, the doctor will proceed with the surgery as if it were their own. In such a case, your doctor will make every effort to involve you and your family in the decision-making process. The doctor will talk to you about any known beliefs or wishes, and what would be in your relative's best interests.

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In the majority of cases, patients who require a thrombectomy have a blood clot that is in the artery. In this type of case, the surgeon will break the clot apart using anticoagulants. In addition to the use of anticoagulants, lifestyle modifications are also recommended. Thrombectomy is typically used as a last resort when nonsurgical treatments are not effective. It is often combined with anticoagulants to treat severe cases and prevent further clots.

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Patients with ischemic stroke often need a thrombectomy after a clot has impeded the blood flow to the brain. The removal of the clot may improve the patient's quality of life and ability to work. This procedure is faster than clot-busting drugs. A mechanical thrombectomy improves a patient's long-term outcome and allows the patient to remain near home.

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Thrombectomy is an innovative procedure for patients who experience clots in their arteries. When a clot forms in a blood vessel, it can block blood flow to the brain, resulting in life-threatening conditions. During the procedure, the doctor inserts a catheter into the blood vessel to remove the clot and restore proper blood flow. Often, the treatment is urgent because of the nature of the clot, as two million brain cells die for every minute that the brain does not receive oxygen.

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The first generation of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy devices had significant limitations. Despite their advantages, thrombus maceration and aspiration did not occur simultaneously. Instead, fragmented thrombus was aspirated through a guide sheath or catheter. This limiting factor reduced the efficiency of the procedure and increased the risk of distal embolization. Additionally, combined delivery of lytic therapy was inefficient and cumbersome. However, second-generation devices incorporated both concomitant clot fragmentation and associated infusion ports. Moreover, catheter-directed thrombus removal is associated with shorter hospital stays and cost savings.

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A thrombectomy involves the insertion of a thin, plastic tube, usually through an artery in the groin. A contrast agent is injected into the catheter so that it can be seen on X-ray images and guide the catheter to the affected blood vessel in the brain. The device is then moved through the catheter to remove the clot, restoring normal blood flow to the affected part of the brain. During this procedure, a nurse will be with your relative during the procedure.

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Thrombectomy is usually done when blood clots have caused a stroke. If the clot had formed in the brain, the blockage would cause a stroke, which would damage nearby tissues. The thrombus would also form in other areas of the body, including the legs, feet, or ankles.

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Despite its beneficial effects, it is not always possible to prevent the formation of blood clots, and it is vital to follow the doctor's recommendations regarding lifestyle and medications.

Patients can undergo thrombectomy through catheters. The radiologist will make a small incision in the wrist or abdomen. Next, the radiologist will insert a tiny, net-like device called a stent retriever into the affected vein. The stent expands to the size of the artery wall and catches the clot. The radiologist will then carefully pull the catheter out of the vein, and the clot will be removed. The entire procedure usually lasts about an hour, and you don't need to stay overnight.

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Patients will likely receive an IV prior to the procedure. The line will carry medicines, including a blood thinner, to prevent blood clots from forming during the procedure. Additionally, anesthesia will be given through the IV, so the patient will not feel pain. A sedative medicine will also be given to keep the patient comfortable and relaxed. Patients should also remove any jewelry before the surgery. The preoperative nurse will help them with their clothing choices and ensure they are comfortable. In addition to the IV line, they may also need to remove hair from the surgical area. Smoking will also be discouraged, so stopping early will help with recovery.