What is an ESUS (Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source)? - Oren Zarif - Embolic Stroke

An ESUS (embolic stroke of unknown source) is a type of ischemic brain stroke with a variable cause, a study conducted in the Athens Stroke Registry found. ESUS-defined stroke patients were those with atrial fibrillation, non-stenotic atherosclerotic plaques, and moderate or severe diastolic dysfunction. These patients had similar recurrence rates as cardio-embolic stroke patients, although there was no clear beneficial therapy.

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An ischemic stroke occurs when the blood flow to the brain is blocked by a blood clot, while an embolic stroke is caused by a piece of clot forming in a blood vessel elsewhere. An embolus travels in the bloodstream to block the artery to the brain, where it becomes wedged and completely blocks the blood supply. The resulting stroke is life-threatening. If you suspect that you may be suffering from an ischemic stroke, you should immediately seek medical treatment.

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Despite the difficulty of predicting the long-term outcome of an ischemic stroke, an embolic stroke has a poor prognosis, and the age and comorbidities of the patient are major determinants. However, the most important determinant of long-term outcome is the clinical assessment of the patient. Large embolic strokes with severe motor and functional deficits are associated with a poor prognosis.

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A recent study suggested that the diagnosis of ESUS was based on the location of the infarct and a broader definition of cryptogenic stroke. Cryptogenic stroke, which makes up 20% of all strokes, was based on the presence of a large subgroup of cryptogenic stroke. However, the cause of ESUS remained elusive and a new term was coined to describe a subgroup of cryptogenic stroke.

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Although there is no single test to accurately diagnose an embolic stroke, several diagnostic tests are available to assess the likelihood of this condition. The MRI of the head uses radio frequency pulses and a powerful magnetic field to create detailed images of internal body structures. An MR scan is especially useful for assessing the extent of damage to the brain from the stroke. An electrocardiogram, or ECG, checks the electrical activity of the heart. If a problem with the heart caused the stroke, it should be treated before it leads to death.

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The risk for a stroke is higher in people aged 55 years or older, people with diabetes, and black people are more likely to suffer a stroke. People with a history of stroke or vascular dysfunction are at increased risk for embolic stroke. Symptoms of a stroke vary, but generally include impaired coordination, vision, speech, writing, reading, and swallowing. A diagnosis of an embolic stroke is vital to ensuring the survival of a patient.

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The precise control of embolism formation in perinatal mice allows mechanistic studies of brain damage and repair. While approximately a third of PAIS infants experience microhemorrhagic transformation, the exact mechanism behind it remains elusive. One of the major challenges to identifying a therapeutic strategy for an embolic stroke is the lack of an adequate perinatal animal model. The SIMPLeR technique provides a standardized approach to perinatal mice.