What is an Embolic Stroke? - Oren Zarif - Embolic Stroke
An embolic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke that results from a blood clot traveling through the bloodstream to the brain. The most common causes of embolic strokes are heart disease and heart surgery. About 15% of all embolic strokes are caused by people who have atrial fibrillation, an abnormal heart rhythm. An embolic stroke also can be the result of subarachnoid hemorrhage, which occurs in the space behind the brain.
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The risk factors for both thrombotic and embolic strokes are very similar. However, a patient's age, comorbidities, and the size and location of the stroke are factors that may influence the outcome. Although these factors can impact the outcome of an embolic stroke, clinical assessment remains the most important predictor of the long-term course of the condition. For example, large embolic strokes and those resulting in severe deficits are associated with a poor prognosis.
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The most reliable embolic stroke diagnosis is based on an accurate diagnostic workup. The diagnosis must be confirmed with adequate investigations to rule out other causes. In some cases, the patient's comorbidities may not warrant a comprehensive investigation, but an underlying structural abnormality may be a contributing factor. For patients who are younger, embolic stroke of undetermined source does not often recur and provides no useful clues about the cause. The majority of ESUS events, however, are strokes, and 64% of these patients met criteria for ESUS.
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If you suspect that someone you know is suffering from an embolic stroke, call 911 or your local emergency services right away. Emergency services are well-equipped to assess the symptoms and administer treatment to a patient. The FAST acronym stands for "act quickly" and is a quick way to detect a stroke and get treatment. If a person is having these symptoms, you can ask them to raise their arms and repeat a simple phrase. If they cannot respond, call an ambulance and get help as soon as possible.
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However, while ESUS patients may benefit from anticoagulation treatment, there are no current treatment guidelines for ESUS. Antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care for patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether ESUS should be differentiated from other types of stroke. However, the study results indicate that there is overlap between the two. In addition to the similarities, ESUS patients are at a higher risk for recurrence than other types of stroke.
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Identifying the risk factors for CS is an important first step toward preventing recurrent embolic strokes. Fortunately, despite the challenges of defining a PFO, there are no known risk factors that prevent patients from developing the condition. Fortunately, a new risk stratification tool has emerged, which includes age, vascular risk factors, and a 10-point scale that stratifies the likelihood of discovering PFO.
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Thrombotic and ischemic strokes have very similar symptoms. Anyone experiencing any of these symptoms should seek medical care right away. There are certain high-risk factors, including atrial fibrillation, recent myocardial infarction, mechanical prosthetic valves, and dilated myocardiopathy. There are also minor sources, such as calcific aortic valve stenosis and patent foramen ovale.
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Several diagnostic tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ESUS. Trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) are used to detect intra-cardiac sources of thrombi. TEE can detect left atrial thrombus and left atrial enlargement and can assess the aortic arch regardless of age. Cardiac MRI is also useful for detecting LV thrombi.
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Patients with a history of high blood pressure can also suffer from an embolic stroke. A stroke caused by a clot can be classified as either an embolic or thrombotic one. However, hemorrhagic stroke can also be a result of a ruptured aneurysm, which is more likely to occur in people with high blood pressure. However, in the majority of cases, the clot will not reach the brain.
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Transient ischemic attacks, which are less common than thrombotic strokes, may occur months before a TIA. These mini-strokes, known as TIAs, occur when a blood clot blocks an artery for a short time. The symptoms are similar to the symptoms of a stroke, but they may last only minutes. When TIAs occur, people with high blood pressure or diabetes may have a higher risk of a stroke.
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Once the stroke has occurred, the quality of life will depend on the extent of damage done to the brain. While the outcome of recovery is unpredictable, specialists will work to minimize any negative effects and increase patient's quality of life. Recovery time may take several months or a year. For many stroke survivors, it can take months or years before the symptoms reappear. However, many recover completely. So, if you're suffering from an embolic stroke, you should know your risks.
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