What Are the Causes of Cerebral Infarction? - Oren Zarif - Cerebral Infarction

Cerebral infarction, also known as stroke, is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Each year, 15 million people are diagnosed with the condition, and around five million people die from it. It is believed that insufficient cerebral blood flow is the major cause, and oxidative stress plays a major role in the process. Ischemic brain infarction affects the middle cerebral artery and induces early mortality.

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A cerebrovascular event may involve any of several different severities, ranging from acute stroke to fatal heart failure. Cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral infarction are most often caused by an ischemic stroke, but a complication of generalized hypotension may be responsible for another pattern of infarction. Infarcts caused by blood clots or emboli are also common. The symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the area of the brain affected and the severity of the underlying cause.

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Strokes can also be caused by vascular inflammation. These arteries become narrower when plaque builds up in them. These arteries are also more prone to blood clots, which can completely block the blood flow. Also, heart attacks are associated with cerebral ischemia, because they often occur in people with low blood pressure, which indicates an inadequate supply of blood to the brain's tissues. These heart attacks can also cause cerebral ischemia if left untreated.

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Earlier studies have suggested that a combination of vascular risk factors may increase the risk of stroke. However, in this study, the most common causes of cerebral infarction in young adults were cardiac embolism, hematologic problems, and lacunar stroke. In addition, nearly one-third of first-time strokes in young adults were caused by no apparent cause. This study highlights the potential importance of genetic risk factors and vascular health in the prevention of stroke.

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There are several underlying causes of cerebral infarction. These include hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm, arterial occlusion, or abnormal endothelium. In addition to vascular disease, cerebral infarction can also be caused by hypertensive hemorrhage. The vascular condition is the most common underlying cause, and is usually found in areas of the brain where hypertension is common.

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A massive cerebral infarction may be the result of a congenital heart defect. There are not enough arteries in the brain to accommodate the brain. A massive cerebral infarction can impair vital structures, resulting in a coma or even death. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a lifesaving procedure. Other options for treatment include surgery to remove the infarcted tissue and use of anticoagulants.

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Despite the occurrence of a vascular disease, symptoms of cerebral infarction can develop over several days. The symptoms reflect the functional anatomy of the brain region affected. In addition, secondary changes, such as vasospasm, can change the clinical signs. In addition to hemorrhaging, the infarcted area can form cavities and separate from adjacent viable brain tissue. These secondary changes, which affect the function of the affected area, may lead to additional infarction.

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Other strokes occur when blood clots travel to the brain from other parts of the body. These clots are called emboli, and they lodge in the blood vessels of the brain. People with atrial fibrillation, a condition where the upper chambers of the heart do not properly beat, are at increased risk of developing embolic stroke. While these strokes do not cause death, they can cause devastating neurological sequelae.

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Although the risk of a stroke increases with age, people of African descent have a much higher risk of developing one. Various tests are necessary to determine the risk of stroke, including electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. In addition to an electrocardiogram, a drug called tPA (tetrahydropyridine) is given to dissolve the blood clot. The medication must be administered within four hours of the onset of symptoms of a stroke.