Wallenberg Syndrome - Oren Zarif - Wallenberg Syndrome

Although the exact cause of Wallenberg syndrome is not well known, the condition is similar to stroke in many ways. Rapid evaluation is essential for improving the prognosis of the patient. Treatment aims to reduce the size of the infarction, prevent any further damage, and stabilize the patient. Treatment also involves early physical and occupational therapy. In addition to standard medical care, the long-term prognosis depends on the patient's response to treatment.

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Diagnosis of the disease usually begins with a careful review of the patient's medical history and imaging tests to rule out other causes. Typically, a block in an artery near the lateral medulla is sufficient for a diagnosis. In some cases, a patient will require feeding therapy, and/or a feeding tube if swallowing is difficult. Unfortunately, there is no cure for Wallenberg syndrome, so treatment is focused on alleviating the symptoms and relieving the pain.

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Another symptom of Wallenberg syndrome is a skew deviation in which one eye is elevated while the other is displaced vertically. This may result in ipsilateral head tilt, disconjugate ocular torsion, or excyclodeviation of the lower eye. In patients with the disorder, patients often report difficulty keeping their balance and experiencing unusual environments. A doctor can order an MRI to confirm the diagnosis.

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The cause of Wallenberg syndrome is not completely understood. While ischemic strokes are responsible for about 87 percent of all strokes, it is unclear whether any other disorders are associated with it. The American Stroke Association, part of the American Heart Association, promotes education and research on the causes of ischemic strokes. Furthermore, the National Institutes of Health conducts research on the nervous system. This includes studies of the symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome.

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In some cases, a blockage in the vertebral artery or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery causes the onset of Wallenberg Syndrome. An infarcted part of the lateral medulla may cause various impairments. Gaspard Vieusseux first described the condition in 1808. Adolf Wallenberg gave a comprehensive description of the condition in 1895. This disease typically affects elderly patients.

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Other symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome include abnormalities of the lateral medullary region. The patient experiences symptoms related to pain, temperature, and vision on the ipsilateral face. Damage to the lateral spinothalamic tracts can result in vomiting and nystagmus. Infarction of the nucleus ambiguous, which regulates the glossopharyngeal reflexes, can cause pharyngeal and laryngeal ataxia.

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Although Wallenberg syndrome is rare, it can be a life-threatening condition. While the overall prognosis is better than that of other acute ischemic strokes, a patient should still receive medical treatment to avoid a deteriorating condition. Gait instability is one of the most common sequelae of Wallenberg syndrome. Early physical and occupational therapy is critical for post-stroke recovery. In addition to regular medical treatment, Wallenberg syndrome may result in permanent disability.

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Aside from stroke, lateral medullary syndrome is another cause of dysphagia. LMI in the NA may disrupt the premotor neurons of the tongue and lips. MRI findings confirm the diagnosis in most patients, but MRI is also a useful tool for determining the exact cause of WS. Patients suffering from this condition may undergo surgery to correct the cause of dysphagia. Acute management of this disorder can result in improved quality of life, including a return to oral feeding.

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The major clinical findings associated with swallowing dysfunction in patients with WS are listed in Table 1. In contrast to healthy control subjects, patients with WS exhibit delayed laryngeal elevation and difficulty in bolus control, as compared to those who do not. The symptoms may be exacerbated by hemispheric stroke or the severity of the lesion. When it comes to swallowing, WS patients are more likely to have oral or pharyngeal symptoms than patients with hemispheric stroke.