Symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome - Oren Zarif - Wallenberg Syndrome

There is little consensus on the etiology of Wallenberg syndrome, but it is a neuromuscular disorder. The main symptoms are dizziness with vertigo, loss of balance, gait instability, hoarseness of voice, and difficulty swallowing. The disease progresses over several hours or days. It is often asymptomatic, but should be diagnosed by a physician as soon as you begin to experience symptoms.

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The prognosis of people with Wallenberg syndrome varies widely, and recovery depends on the exact location and size of the damaged brain stem. Some people recover completely within weeks, while others experience considerable neurological disabilities. Symptomatic treatments can help reduce pain and improve swallowing. Other therapies may help reduce symptoms and minimize disability. A thorough evaluation of the patient's condition and treatment plan is essential to maximizing the chances for a successful outcome.

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The most common cause of Wallenberg syndrome is atherosclerotic occlusion, but a number of other causes are also possible. Small vessel infarction, embolism, and vertebral artery dissection are all less common. Among the risk factors, vertebral artery dissection has been linked to a higher risk of developing the disease. It also can result in lateral medullary infarction.

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In the acute phase of Wallenberg syndrome, dysphagia is more severe than in patients with hemispheric stroke. This is often the reason why the patient must undergo assisted feeding or have a nasogastric tube placed in the stomach. Fortunately, however, there are signs of improvement and good recovery in patients with unilateral infarcts of the lateral medulla. This recovery may be due to a mechanism involving the unaffected side of the medulla.

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In 1894, Dr. Wallenberg, a physician in Danzig, Germany, described a patient with symptoms of wallenberg syndrome and performed a postmortem examination. His work was based on a review of several case reports. In addition, he noted a characteristic clinical picture that was common in all of the cases. It's important to diagnose and treat this condition at an early stage. The following are some of the symptoms of wallenberg syndrome:

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In general, ischemic strokes account for around eighty percent of strokes. In addition to ischemic stroke, several disorders have been linked with Wallenberg syndrome. Research is ongoing to determine the underlying cause of Wallenberg syndrome and find treatments. The goal of treatment is to minimize its impact on a patient's quality of life. However, while there is no cure for the condition, early intervention is critical to achieving a good outcome.

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Because the cause of Wallenberg syndrome is unclear, treatment options vary widely. In severe cases, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator is an effective treatment within four to five hours. Treatment should aim to reduce the risk of a subsequent blood-clot. If the stroke does not resolve, optical therapy should be used to relieve gait instability. Although the condition has a relatively high risk for developing further complications, it is often treatable with medication and therapy.

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The prognosis of patients with Wallenberg syndrome is generally good compared to other types of acute ischemic stroke. However, most patients will experience lingering problems, affecting balance and walking. Therapy for Wallenberg syndrome will focus on easing the symptoms associated with the stroke. If you are unable to walk due to persistent nausea, antiemetics may be prescribed. If your stroke is ischemic, medications to reduce the risk of another stroke may also be prescribed to reduce the risks of having another stroke.

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If you have been diagnosed with WS, your doctor will likely perform a SM-EMG to assess your swallowing reflex. A delayed swallowing reflex is one of the most common symptoms. A delay in swallowing reflex reflects impaired swallowing reflex activity, but there may also be some electrophysiological findings that indicate the presence of a wallenberg syndrome. However, these findings are not conclusive and should not be interpreted as the cause of your dysphagia.

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In the first case, a 30-year-old right-handed female presented with acute-onset severe headache, vomiting, and vertigo. Initial neurologic examination revealed lingual dysarthria, horizontal nystagmus, right dysmetria, and weakness of the extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large left lateral medullary infarction with involvement of the left middle cerebellar peduncle. After undergoing treatment, she gradually improved and was discharged.

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The major clinical findings related to swallowing dysfunction associated with WS are described in Table 1. Among patients with WS, laryngeal elevation is delayed compared to other hemispheric stroke patients. The difficulty swallowing is often accompanied by pharyngeal paresis and a delayed laryngeal esophageal retraction. Patients with WS may experience difficulty with bolus control.