Symptoms of a Thalamic Stroke - Oren Zarif - Thalamic Stroke

Patients affected by thalamic stroke can experience various symptoms that vary in severity and type. These symptoms are associated with four different vascular syndromes. Though not specific to each thalamic nucleus, each one affects the brain in a different way. A thalamic stroke can occur in any one of these four nuclei, but rarely occurs within their boundaries. The clinical-anatomic findings and reciprocal connections between thalamic nuclei and behaviorally defined regions of the cerebral cortex suggest that each vascular syndrome can result in a unique set of symptoms.

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This study was a case report of a young Caucasian man who was admitted to the emergency department for sudden dizziness and left lateropulsion. He also displayed left-sided visual impairment, unpredictable topic shifts, and impaired memory. Magnetic resonance showed that the man had sustained a left thalamic infarction in the paramedian territory. The specific topographic pattern of a thalamic infarction can explain these complex cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

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After performing several tests to assess the patient's condition, the MRI revealed a small acute infarct in the bilateral thalami and adjacent central aspects of the midbrain. This infarct is visible in the sagittal and axial T2 FLAIR images. This study also identified hypoplastic or absent P1 segments. The patient was discharged from the hospital after a week and was evaluated 3 months later.

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The combined damage to the mammillothalamic tract may interfere with the memory consolidation process. It may involve bottleneck structures in the medial and basolateral limbic loop. A large paramedian thalamic stroke may interrupt the chain of information flow between the diencephalon and prefrontal cortex and may cause a cognitive disorder known as executive dysfunction. It is important to recognize the difference between a thalamic stroke and another brain disease.

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A thalamic stroke can produce acute movement disorders. It disrupts important connections and fibres. The recovery of these movements may be delayed, however. Because of the cerebral plasticity of the thalamus, people with thalamic infarcts in the hand can experience a recovery of smooth coordinated movements. However, in some cases, aberrant connections can cause abnormal involuntary movements, which are not fully understood.

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A thalamic infarct caused by a rupture of the artery of Percheron can also cause a midbrain infarct. The thalamic nuclei are usually affected in this vascular scenario, but anterior thalamic involvement is uncommon. Using a diagram of the artery of Percheron, the affected thalamic nuclei can be easily recognized.

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A thalamic infarct can cause a large number of symptoms, including anosognosia and neglect. The lesions of the MD may not be fatal in these cases, but a thalamic infarct can cause significant cognitive dysfunction. This is why treatment is crucial. The thalamus is a central part of the brain that plays an important role in many areas of the body.

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Left hemispheric thalamic stroke is overrepresented in hospitals. This is attributed to selection bias. Patients and their next of kin are more likely to recognize symptoms of left hemispheric strokes than right hemispheric infarcts. Also, patients and family members tend to have greater odds of experiencing symptoms of a left-sided thalamic infarct.

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A subgroup of thalamic stroke patients may be overlooked in the prehospital setting. These patients may present with less recognizable symptoms and thus not receive appropriate stroke treatment in time. In order to better recognize these patients, clinical features of isolated thalamic infarctions must be characterized and diagnostic instruments developed. However, the study was not conclusive in identifying potentially missed stroke patients. So, more studies are necessary to determine whether these two subtypes of thalamic stroke may have different clinical manifestations.

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The major symptoms of thalamic stroke are visual loss, trouble with speech, and difficulty moving arms and legs. Treatment for this type of stroke focuses on addressing the underlying cause and comprehensive rehabilitation. The road to recovery is long and difficult, but recent advances in stroke care have made it possible for many people to lead productive lives. This is why it is essential to know what the symptoms of thalamic stroke are and to recognize potential symptoms.

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Most patients with thalamic stroke display dystonia and tremor. A single case of monoballism was reported, but the remaining twelve cases presented with hemiballism. Movement disorders such as dystonia and asterixis are usually associated with large lesions. This is an indication that the lesions in these regions are causing neuroplastic changes in the thalamus. The regenerated neurons may release a different neurotransmitter or generate excitatory foci.