Ischemic Stroke - Oren Zarif - Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke is an injury caused when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain becomes blocked. This type of stroke can be caused by several factors, including problems with the heart valve, an infection in the heart muscle, and blood clotting disorders. Several factors may also contribute to ischemic stroke, including low blood pressure, a heart attack, or severe infection. Low blood pressure can also result from large blood losses. All of these factors can impair blood flow to the brain, limiting oxygen and blood flow.
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The primary difference between focal and global ischemia is the area affected. In the former, cell death occurs only in the perfusion territory of an artery. With focal ischemia, cell death occurs at its maximum, but it may also extend to the penumbra, affecting all cellular elements. In global ischemia, cerebral perfusion is reduced, and blood pressure and intracranial pressure increase. The resulting damage is extensive.
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Treatment for ischemic stroke usually begins with medications that break up blood clots. Surgery may be performed if clotting is not the primary cause of the stroke. The goal of treatment is to reduce pressure in the brain, allowing the brain to receive oxygen-rich blood. However, patients who are taking anticoagulants are not candidates for tPA treatment. Mechanical thrombectomy is a procedure that can be performed up to six hours after the symptoms have ceased.
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A physical examination and family history are necessary to diagnose ischemic stroke. The signs and symptoms of ischemia can help the physician pinpoint where the clot is located. If severe low blood sugar or a heart rhythm disorder is present, doctors may decide to perform a cranial CT scan to differentiate ischemic stroke from other causes of brain tissue death. If left untreated, a patient may suffer permanent brain damage or even death.
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The definition of ischemic stroke is a difficult one. Although clinical symptoms may be similar in all patients, there is no universal definition. In addition, it's important to remember that the symptoms may be transient or intermittent. Therefore, it is crucial to make a thorough diagnosis to prevent further complications. There are other signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke that may be mistaken for TIA. Once a diagnosis is made, a physician can provide treatment for a patient.
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Treatment for ischemic stroke includes blood thinners and clotting medications. Early treatment with these medications can minimize the damage done to the brain and improve recovery chances. A person with one-sided paralysis may recover some function after being discharged from the hospital, while other individuals may not be able to walk or speak. Patients with mild to moderate symptoms may recover completely or partially. A person who has suffered from an ischemic stroke should see a physician as soon as possible.
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In addition to thrombolytic therapy, an antiplatelet agent should be administered within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Taking aspirin can reduce the risk of a thrombotic event. Taking physical therapy as soon as possible following a CVA can also help patients recover. Regardless of the type of treatment, the diagnosis of an ischemic stroke is typically made by a team of experts including a neurologist and radiologist.
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Ischemic stroke may occur suddenly without any prior warning or symptoms. However, some people may have previously experienced a transient ischemic attack, which is a temporary blockage of a blood vessel feeding the brain. The symptoms of a TIA are the same as those of an ischemic stroke, but a TIA lasts less than five minutes and does not cause any permanent damage. Although one-third of individuals who experience a TIA will experience a more severe stroke within a year.
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Typically, ischemic stroke is caused by a clot in a blood vessel supplying the brain. This blood clot, called a pulmonary embolism, can be formed when pieces of fat from a broken leg bone enter the bloodstream. They then travel to the heart and block an artery in the lungs. A pulmonary embolism can also cause a stroke. Because atherosclerosis is largely symptomless, many people don't even know they have it until they have an ischemic stroke.
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Mechanical thrombectomy is another treatment for ischemic stroke. It involves inserting a tube called a stent into a blood vessel. This device is attached to a catheter and threaded through an incision in the groin to the clot. It is then drawn out with a larger catheter. This treatment is remarkably effective, and has been shown to improve outcomes in about 90% of patients.