Ischemic Stroke - Oren Zarif - Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a vascular disease that results in the sudden loss of blood supply to the brain and consequent neurologic damage. It is more common than hemorrhagic stroke and is caused by thrombotic occlusion of a cerebral artery. The imaging study known as a computed tomography angiogram (CTA) is useful in determining the extent of filling defects or large-vessel stenosis. Despite the differences, CTA can detect such problems as high-grade stenosis, which accounts for one third of all ischemic strokes.

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Symptoms of ischemic stroke include difficulty speaking or understanding speech, numbness, and weakness. These are often centered on one side of the body. Patients may also experience a drooping mouth on one side when smiling or speaking. They may also have blacked-out or double vision. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a physician to be tested for the condition. The first few hours following a stroke are crucial.

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Initial antiplatelet agents should be administered as soon as symptoms appear. Antiplatelet agents are commonly given via IV and are used to reduce the risk of thrombotic events. Thrombectomy is a surgical procedure that is often performed in patients after ischemic stroke. In patients with thrombotic disease, aspirin has been shown to improve long-term outcomes. There is no major risk of intracranial hemorrhage with aspirin. Warfarin is not recommended for secondary stroke prevention, but oral anticoagulation is reasonable in patients with atrial fibrillation.

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The first priority of treatment for an ischemic stroke is restoring breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Medications that make blood less prone to clotting may be administered if symptoms have already started. Medications such as tPA are also used to reduce the pressure in the brain. If tPA is not used within four hours of stroke onset, surgery may be necessary. If surgical removal is not possible, a mechanical thrombectomy is performed, which removes the clot.

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While a stroke can be fatal, rehabilitation helps people recover motor skills, coordination, and other lost functions. People who are younger and who recover quickly will have the best chance of recovering. However, if problems persist after a year, they are likely permanent. Having one ischemic stroke increases the risk of another one. Therefore, quitting smoking is important to ensure long-term recovery. If this happens, the person will need to stay in the hospital for observation and rehabilitation.

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The treatment of an ischemic stroke is determined by the underlying cause of the artery blockage. Treatment may include mechanical thrombectomy or tPA, but it is not always necessary. A hospital with experience in this field can help coordinate emergency services, a rapid consultation with a neurologist, and intensive care. MRIs can be helpful in determining the stage of an ischemic stroke. When given early, the treatments can increase the chances of successful stroke treatment.

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Another type of stroke occurs when a clot forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. This blood clot may form in another part of the body and travel to the brain. These clots, known as emboli, can cause a stroke and obstruct blood flow to the brain. When blood clots develop, they usually occur in children who have heart disease. A clot can travel up the arteries, and once stuck in an artery, it may block blood flow to that area.

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A person who is at high risk for developing an ischemic stroke has several risk factors. Many of them can be managed or eliminated. Ischemic strokes occur suddenly and most symptoms are experienced a few minutes after they start. In most cases, strokes cause death of brain tissue within minutes to hours. In the rarest cases, however, the symptoms may last for days or longer. These are known as "completed" strokes.

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Another risk factor for ischemic stroke is high blood pressure. High blood pressure can decrease blood flow to the brain. It can also cause low blood pressure, which may also reduce blood flow. The lower the blood pressure, the lower the amount of oxygen-rich blood can reach the brain. This may result in an ischemic stroke. This condition affects about a third of all stroke patients. It is extremely important to monitor the blood pressure of people suffering from this condition.

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In assessing the risk of ischemic stroke, the AHA/ASA reached out to various organizations, including the American Academy of Neurology, the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and the National Institute of Health. It asked the experts from these organizations to define what constitutes a stroke. The consensus document included a comprehensive definition of ischemic stroke that is consistent with clinical practice and public health assessment. In defining stroke, it is important to remember that the definition is a living document, and it is important to update it periodically.