Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy - Oren Zarif - Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Although the exact cause of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic birth is unknown, this condition is associated with a variety of developmental and neurological disabilities, including epilepsy, motor impairment, neurodevelopmental delay, and cognitive impairment. A diagnosis of this condition is usually made when a child is between 3 and 4 years old, although its cause can still be unclear. Premature birth, prematurity, or problems immediately after birth are also potential causes of the disorder.

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The severity of the damage depends on the degree of brain injury. If the brain has suffered a prolonged period of hypoxia, the blood supply can become interrupted, causing damage to other organs. Most of these organs will recover, but the brain may not. The extent of the damage will depend on how long it went without oxygen. Infants with HIE may be tense, floppy, or have feeding difficulties.

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In infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies, the severity of seizures and MRI findings are significant. Seizures are often a symptom of the disorder, but the infant's overall survival may be low. In addition to seizures, children with HIE have higher risks of Cerebral palsy, permanent disabilities, and other health issues. While a mild form of HIE may clear up on its own within 24 hours, it is imperative to monitor the child and get a diagnosis.

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The best neonatal care involves active management of temperature and blood pressure to avoid de novo injury and passive circulation, which is an important precursor to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The golden hour following delivery and resuscitation is the critical period for optimal neonatal care. When a neonate suffers a hypoxic ischemic event, treatment must be focused on addressing both the acute and the subacute mechanisms of injury.

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A neonate with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathic birth may suffer from a wide variety of disabilities, ranging from mild to severe. The extent of a child's disability will depend on the duration of the oxygen deprivation and the area of the brain affected. While the symptoms of HIE may be similar to other forms of brain injury, the severity of the condition depends on the duration of oxygen deprivation.

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Treatments for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies have been developed by considering the timing of the injury. This is crucial because the primary stage of brain damage occurs after the initial insult. It is not until the brain recovers that the onset of the secondary phase can be diagnosed. A neonatal patient with moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a candidate for this therapy.

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Prevention of HIE can include preventing asphyxia during pregnancy. Early detection is key for parents to prepare for the possibility that their child will suffer from this condition. The language used to describe HIE is very specific, but is also similar to that used for cerebral palsy. In fact, many of the symptoms of HIE are the same as those of cerebral palsy. You can learn the terminology by understanding the different types of brain damage.

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MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying the source of HIE. The MRI can also reveal the extent of the injury and predict any subsequent deficits. The brain of a neonate with HIE has predominantly two patterns of injury: watershed regions and basal ganglia/thalamus. It is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis until more studies are performed. There is no definite cure for HIE, but treatment can reduce the chances of a disability.

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Among the most common antenatal risk factors of HIE are maternal hypotension, infertility treatment, and thyroid disease. In almost half of HIE cases, both antepartum and intrapartum risk factors are present. Intrapartum events that could cause HIE include breech extraction, difficult forceps delivery, and cord prolapse. Postnatal events are responsible for less than ten percent of the cases of HIE.