Embolic Stroke Diagnosis and Management - Oren Zarif - Embolic Stroke

Embolic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, and it must be detected in its acute stage and managed effectively to reduce its effects. This activity reviews clinical evaluation and the use of neuroimaging and other investigational tools, including the role of the interprofessional team in the diagnosis and management of patients with embolic stroke. It also summarizes the etiology and underlying causes of embolic stroke.

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Despite its name, embolic stroke is more difficult to diagnose. In 2014, two randomized trials failed to support the hypotheses that ischemic strokes are caused by clots or thrombosis. While embolic stroke may have a wide range of causes, it is often a result of multiple pathologies and response to anticoagulation. This makes it difficult to determine whether anticoagulation treatment has a beneficial effect.

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In addition to a thorough diagnostic evaluation, embolic stroke treatment should include the use of catheters or clot-busting medications to restore blood flow to the brain. These methods are designed to reduce the severity of the stroke and save the patient's life. When a patient's condition does not permit clot-busting medications, the treatment of the stroke can include a variety of other medical treatments. The goal of any treatment is to reduce the chances of death from embolic stroke and maximize the chance of recovery.

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Echocardiography is an important diagnostic tool for early identification of embolic stroke. When it is performed within the first week of stroke, echocardiography is particularly useful in determining the exact source of the embolic stroke. It is also useful for detecting emboli early, because these strokes are much more likely to recur if they are not correctly diagnosed. However, the most important aspect of this procedure is that it is a quick and noninvasive way to identify the source of the embolic stroke.

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If you think you may be suffering from an embolic stroke, call 911 or your local emergency services as soon as you notice any of these symptoms. Emergency services will then assess the situation and provide the appropriate treatment. The FAST acronym stands for "Fast" and should be applied to all stroke victims. Using the FAST acronym, ask the person to raise both arms and repeat a simple phrase. If this is not possible, call an ambulance.

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A comprehensive management of a stroke patient involves the coordination of a team of specialists. Often, a single specialist will not be able to determine which type of stroke a patient may be suffering from. In addition to identifying a person's risk factors, they can also monitor their physical condition to make sure it does not reoccur. A specialized team of doctors may help to prevent embolic stroke from occurring in a patient with a particular risk factor.

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Treatment for an embolic stroke may include emergency procedures such as carotid endarterectomy, where a doctor removes plaque from the carotid artery. Another procedure known as mechanical clot removal involves inserting a catheter into the brain and breaking up the clot. A team of physicians at Tampa General Hospital is dedicated to providing comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation services for individuals with an embolic stroke. The Tampa General Hospital's emergency department has a specialized team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists.

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Various randomized trials have compared antiplatelet agents and other therapies for the treatment of embolic stroke. A few trials have evaluated a variety of treatment options for embolic stroke, including apixaban in the treatment of an undetermined source. Another randomized trial, NAVIGATE-ESUS, compared rivaroxaban with acetylsalicylic acid. In addition, there are several clinical trials of thromboin inhibitors for ischemic stroke.

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In an animal model that mimics perinatal embolic stroke, hemorrhagic transformation is an asymptomatic condition in newborn infants. The most common symptom of perinatal embolic stroke is cerebral palsy, which is often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. In 90% of PAIS cases, the embolic mass is made of red blood cells and results in cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment.

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SIMPLeR is a novel technique that induces in situ embolization in perinatal mice, whereas conventional strategies require pre-formed red embolism in vitro. The vascular microenvironment generated by SIMPLeR is more natural than that created by classical methods. A photothrombotic model of stroke can also induce de novo occlusive obstruction in the vessel, but this type of occlusion is not effective in modeling red embolic stroke.