Causes of Cerebral Infarction - Oren Zarif - Cerebral Infarction

Acute stroke is a vascular event that results in a loss of neurological function. Imaging, laboratory tests, and pathological examination are used to confirm the diagnosis. If symptoms last longer than 24 hours, it is likely to be a stroke. A variety of tests, including a ct scan, MRI, a comprehensive metabolic panel, and urinalysis, can be performed to identify the exact cause of the stroke.

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Cerebral infarction may result from an embolism. A medical embolism may originate from an arterial artery or a cardiac artery. Some common cardiac sources of embolism include atrial fibrillation, recent acute myocardial infarction, bacterial endocarditis, valvular disease, or a gastrointestinal problem. The primary goal of decompression surgery after infarction is to relieve pressure within the brain during acute swelling.

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The most common causes of cerebral infarction are arterial-to-artery embolisms, but other causes exist. Plaque-related embolisms tend to involve the middle and posterior artery territories, and are wedge-shaped on neuroimaging studies. A patient with aneurysms is at increased risk for developing cerebral infarction if the artery is blocked. While there is no single cause for cerebral infarction, the following causes are often associated with the occurrence of a stroke:

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Acute stroke is a complication of a blood clot in an artery. A clot is carried to the brain by a blood clot, which can be fatal. Cerebral aneurysms may also be caused by congenital defects, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and head trauma. There are several possible treatments for this condition. You should consult your physician if you experience any of these symptoms.

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Patients with a stroke may be able to undergo a mechanical thrombectomy immediately after onset of symptoms. In the past, this treatment was reserved for patients with an internal carotid artery occlusion. More recently, however, if significant tissue is at risk, a comprehensive stroke center might consider a later treatment. Imaging of the brain can help identify the extent of infarcted tissue and ischemic penumbra. A significant mismatch between the two can suggest a substantial penumbra.

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While the underlying mechanisms for cerebral infarction are not fully understood, some studies have demonstrated an association between vascular risk factors and young age. In one study of young adults, cardiac embolism and hematologic causes were the most common etiologies. However, nearly one-third of the first strokes were not linked to any specific cause, and a significant proportion were undiagnosed. This is why prevention is so important.

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Although there are some complications from a cerebral infarction, it is usually not life threatening. If it is a massive cerebral infarction, the patient can develop a coma and die. In rare cases, hemicraniectomy has been used to relieve the pressure on the brain. Decompressive surgery and other surgical management options may be used to prevent brain death. The treatment options for cerebral infarction vary, but the main goal is to restore neurological function.

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Treatment options for cerebral infarction depend on the cause. It can be caused by a thrombus blocking an artery or preventing blood flow to the brain. One method to treat the blockage is by administering a drug called thrombolysis or performing a thrombectomy. This method helps in increasing blood flow to the brain, resulting in fewer brain cells dying. Thrombolytic drugs have become an important part of the treatment for cerebral infarction and are now available in many primary stroke centers.

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Patients suffering from chronic meningitis may develop a cerebral infarction in any of several places. One study studied 28 patients with CMI due to cryptococcal or tuberculous meningitis. Ten patients developed a single infarction, while thirteen others had multiple infarctions. The most common location was the cortical infarction 3 area. Of these patients, 10 experienced good outcomes, while 18 had poor outcomes, with six suffering from death.

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Other treatments for acute stroke include angioplasty, which involves threading a catheter through a groin artery. This catheter expands the artery and then places a stent. Other treatments may include medications for reducing intracranial pressure and blood thinners. Drugs that prevent seizures and spasms in blood vessels may also be administered. Although most strokes require surgery, a transient ischemic attack may be a minor complication.

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Early diagnosis is essential. A doctor will assess the risk factors associated with stroke. He or she will then discuss lifestyle changes or medications to address the risk factors. Most patients with acute ischemic stroke are hospitalized. The duration of atrial fibrillation doesn't seem to have a significant influence on the risk of stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation have a similar risk regardless of type of atria. Therefore, the sooner treatment is administered, the lower the risk of a stroke.